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Prioritizing Nutrition First In The Surging Quick Service Restaurant and Processed Food Industry of Bangladesh

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LightCastle Analytics Wing
May 31, 2020
Prioritizing Nutrition First In The Surging Quick Service Restaurant and Processed Food Industry of Bangladesh

With greater access to information and shifting consumer preferences, the country is going through a phased rapid cultural evolution, gradually catching up to the 21st-century developed economies.

Even a decade ago, foodies were a rare breed in the country. Culinary exploration was the hobby of a select few with very few restaurants to choose from with little or no variety in them. Apart from a few standalone restaurants, most followed a specific genre to cater to the needs of the customers. However, as the country and culture have evolved so have the taste buds of its inhabitants.

Cultural diversity intensified through technological and educational capability and has highly influenced this movement. There’s also a general lack of recreational activities, especially in Dhaka for the middle and affluent class population segment and many prefer restaurant exploration and eating out as a social activity to spend time with family and friends.

Gone are the days of Dhaka with only a handful of international QSR (Quick Service Restaurant) brands operating in Bangladesh as high-end restaurants. With a country median age of 27.6, millennials and Gen-Z make up a large segment of the 170 million population of the country. These segments are the ones driving the growth of the QSR industry and will continue to do so in the following years.

Transcom, the largest fast food franchiser, expects the industry value to swell to BDT 4.5 billion (USD 53.6 million) by 2022. However, a key challenge that is to accompany the industry growth is the increase of NCDs (non-communicable diseases) and the lack of a nutrition-focused diet among various consumer segments in the coming decade. 


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Malnutrition Is Still a Concern in Bangladesh

Before we can even tackle the growing need for nutrition-focused diets in metro-cities, it is crucial to understand where we stand in terms of universal nutrition indicators.

Malnutrition in Bangladesh is still of great concern as, according to USAID, about 5.5 million children under 5 years (36%) are suffering from stunting or low height-for-age, and 14% suffering from (wasting or low weight-for-height). Additionally, 26% of deaths in Bangladesh are exclusively due to poor diet (Lancet, 2019).

About 35% of Bangladeshis are still food insecure with around 10% of ever-married women reported as moderately or severely food insecure in 2013. Poor diversity of diet has been one of the instigators of undernutrition with 70% of the diet still comprising carbohydrates with inadequate protein or micronutrient consumption.

The latest Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) conducted in 2016 has shown a reduction in calorie intake accompanied by a lower intake of staples such as rice and wheat and increased consumption of vegetables, fish, meat, and eggs by the general population. Consumption of fruits and milk products, however, showed a declining trend.

Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 20110 and 2016
Source: Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 20110 and 2016, BBS

While, in the past few years, the rate of stunting and wasting among children has been decreasing slowly, there is now an increasing trend of obesity among children. The risk of stunting happens to be 36% higher among first-born children of girls under 18 years in South Asia and as such, early motherhood is a key driver of malnutrition.

Obesity in the adult population is also on the rise with a prevalence of more than 3% in 2016 and growing.

Growing Nuclear Families and Changing Eating Habits Are Increasing Demand for Innutritious Food

With the population increasing at a rapid pace in cities especially the capital and citizens becoming increasingly busy – young adults, couples, and members of nuclear families (with working parents) are driving demand for “ready-to-eat” convenience foods.

The average family size, in general, has also been shrinking in Bangladesh with the latest figures from HIES stating the average family size to be 3.9. There’s been a major shift in demand over the last half a decade from home-cooked meals to restaurants, fast food, and processed meals.

Many youth or young professionals would like to forgo the hassle of making a home-cooked meal and spend money on meals at a variety of restaurants or stock up on processed, quick-to-prepare foods at home. This offers convenience for both white-collar workers and students.

Unfortunately, with the exception of fortified oil and some varieties of rice, the majority of the processed and fast food we consume has no nutritional impact on our health. While developed economies are already reeling from rising healthcare costs due to increased NCDs, we are only gradually but alarmingly starting to see the impact.

The triple burden of malnutrition, over-nutrition/obesity, and micronutrient deficiency (deficiency of certain specific nutrients) have already impacted other least developed countries (LDC) in the past and should be given strong priority when planning nutritional policies and private sector initiatives.  

According to a study titled ‘Obesity prevalence and patterns of diet and physical activity among children and adolescents in urban areas in Bangladesh’ undertaken by ICDDR,B shows that 10% of children aged between 5-18 years old are overweight while 4% are obese. There is also no mandate or precedence among Quick Service Restaurant owners to display the calorie and nutritional content of food products. 

Consumer Awareness Is the Key to Prioritizing Nutrition

While the government has taken certain initiatives to put nutrition a priority among the populace through its national nutritional policy (NNP) and 2nd Country Investment Plan (CIP2), the private sector is still dormant in its approach to ensuring greater accountability of the QSR and processed food industry of Bangladesh.

In order to tackle the impending healthcare challenges related to nutrition, preventive initiatives need to be implemented that may include: 

  1. Fostering greater consumer awareness of the importance of nutrition through PSAs (public service announcements) and integrating nutrition as an imperative subject in the formal education system of the country. Communication standards and policies need to be set by the government to limit the private sector from claiming fraudulent nutritional gains from their products. Post-ad disclaimers as mandated by the FDA in the USA would also be a strong example to follow in order to help the media and communication sector develop best practices when promoting processed food or QSRs. 
  2. Equipping doctors and relevant healthcare authorities with the right messaging will also be a key component of educating the masses about nutritional needs. Certain control over the prescription of non-essential drugs for the treatment of lack of nutrition also needs to be given precedence to deter the pharmaceutical companies lobbying the industry. 
  3. Although Bangladesh Feed Safety Authority (BFSA) has been implementing certain drives to limit the production of unhygienic food and the use of expired or harmful ingredients, there needs to be higher accountability from the QSR community as instances of such drives deteriorate brand perception in an already competitive market. International certification standards have played a strong role in the RMG industry to ensure buyer confidence and should be replicated in a similar manner in the QSR and processed food industry of Bangladesh. The best approach for QSRs is to band and implement certain health and preparation standards. Consumers are already highly cautious of consuming poultry from unknown sources due to the not-too-recent spread of fowl-borne diseases. Hence, they are more likely to give precedence to QSRs with higher sourcing and preparation standards when choosing a restaurant to consume from. Lastly, ensuring proper, user-friendly nutritional labeling so consumers have complete information when making purchase decisions will be a strong driver of ensuring consumers are making well-informed decisions when purchasing processed food products. 

Some nutrition-focused f-commerce and e-commerce food companies have gained limited success in Dhaka but are yet to scale up due to the higher cost associated with sourcing safe raw materials in order to maintain food security. However, most entrepreneurs in the segment are encouraged by the demand they have seen and are predicting strong growth in the coming few years.

With shifting consumer perception, nutrition will gradually supersede other factors when eating out or looking for ready-to-eat alternatives. In order to remain competitive in the coming few years, especially in the post-coronavirus economy, QSR and processed food industries will need to give higher primacy to nutrition and safety. 

Authors: Rageeb Kibria, Principal Business Consultant, LightCastle Partners

References

  • 1. Bangladesh: Nutrition Profile, 2018, USAID. Link: https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1864/Bangladesh-Nutrition-Profile-Mar2018-508.pdf 
  • 2. National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2016. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International
  • 3. National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 2013. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Calverton, Maryland: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International.
  • 4. Magnani, Rich; Oot, Lesley; Sethuraman, Kavita; Kabir, Golam; Rahman, Setara. 2015. USAID Office of Food for Peace Food Security Country Framework for Bangladesh FY 2015–2019. Washington, DC: FHI 360/FANTA.
  • 5. Fink G, Sudfeld CR, Danaei G, Ezzati M, Fawzi WW (2014) Scaling-Up Access to Family Planning May Improve Linear Growth and Child Development in Low and Middle Income Countries. PLoS ONE 9(7): e102391. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102391 
  • 6. Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016-2017, BBS https://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/7399

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WRITTEN BY: LightCastle Analytics Wing

At LightCastle, we take a systemic and data-driven approach to create opportunities for growth and impact. We are an international management consulting firm which creates systemic and data-driven opportunities for growth and impact in emerging markets. By collaborating with development partners and leveraging the power of the private sector, we strive to boost economies, inspire businesses, and change lives at scale.

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